Sales tend to be low and return on investment is negative. This is ahead of proven demand and often before the technology has been fully tested. Stage 1 is when the industry is getting started, or a particular product is brought to market. Classic lifecycle theory suggests the evolution of any industry or product can be divided into four stages: pioneering, growth, maturity, and decline (exhibit). It is also unregulated and selectively distrusted. It is an infant technology that is relatively unstable, expensive, and complex. Infant technologyįrom an economic theory perspective, the stuttering blockchain development path is not entirely surprising. The bottom line is that despite billions of dollars of investment, and nearly as many headlines, evidence for a practical scalable use for blockchain is thin on the ground. Of the many use cases, a large number are still at the idea stage, while others are in development but with no output. A particular concern, given the amount of money and time spent, is that little of substance has been achieved. There is a clear sense that blockchain is a potential game-changer. The financial industry spends around $1.7 billion annually on experimentation. IBM has invested more than $200 million in a blockchain-powered data-sharing solution for the Internet of Things, and Google has reportedly been working with blockchains since 2016. Venture-capital funding for blockchain startups reached $1 billion in 2017. One sign of blockchain’s perceived potential is the large investments being made. The most impressive results have seen blockchains used to store information, cut out intermediaries, and enable greater coordination between companies, for example in relation to data standards. These range from new land registries, to KYC applications and smart contracts that enable actions from product processing to share trading. When you use another author’s ideas or refer to previous research, it’s often better to integrate the source by paraphrasing.Amid intense experimentation, industries from financial services to healthcare and the arts have identified more than 100 blockchain use cases. In general, quotes should be used as sparingly as possible, as your own voice should be dominant. In scientific writing, block quotes are very rarely used.Īvoid relying on block quotes from academic sources to explain ideas or make your points for you.In social science research involving interviews or focus groups, block quotes are often necessary when analyzing participants’ responses.In the arts and humanities, block quotes are frequently used to conduct in-depth textual analysis.How often you use them depends partly on your field of study. Summarizing the overall point you want to makeīlock quotes should be used when the specific wording or style of the quoted text is essential to your point.
Explaining how the quote relates to your argument.Analyzing the language of the quoted text.Depending on the purpose of the block quote, your comment might involve: Directly after the quote, you need to comment on it in your own words. Step 3: Comment on the quoteĪ paragraph should never end with a block quote. In most styles, including APA and MLA, the parenthetical citation comes after the period at the end of a block quote. How the citation looks depends on the citation style. (Rowling 1) Citing block quotesĪll block quotes must end with a citation that directs the reader to the correct source. The Dursleys had a small son called Dudley and in their opinion there was no finer boy anywhere. Dursley was thin and blonde and had nearly twice the usual amount of neck, which came in very useful as she spent so much of her time craning over garden fences, spying on the neighbors. He was a big, beefy man with hardly any neck, although he did have a very large mustache. Dursley was the director of a firm called Grunnings, which made drills. They were the last people you’d expect to be involved in anything strange or mysterious, because they just didn’t hold with such nonsense. Dursley, of number four, Privet Drive, were proud to say that they were perfectly normal, thank you very much. If the quote is a continuation of the sentence that precedes it, you don’t need to add any extra punctuation. If the text preceding the block quote is a complete sentence, use a colon to introduce the quote. A block quote must be introduced in your own words to show how it fits into your argument or analysis.
Citation styleĮvery time you quote a source, it’s essential to show the reader exactly what purpose the quote serves. Some styles require block quote formatting based on the number of words, while others require it based on the number of lines. The minimum length of a block quote varies between citation styles.
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